<hdr>The World Factbook 1994: Zambia<nl>Economy</hdr><body>
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<item><hi format=bold>Overview:</hi> The economy has been in decline for more than a decade with falling imports and growing foreign debt. Economic difficulties stem from a chronically depressed level of copper production and ineffective economic policies. In 1991 real GDP fell by 2% and in 1992 by 3% more. An annual population growth of 3% has brought a decline in per capita GDP of 50% over the past decade. A high inflation rate has also added to Zambia's economic woes in recent years.
<item><hi format=bold>National product:</hi> GDP—purchasing power equivalent—$7.3 billion (1993 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>National product real growth rate:</hi> -2.8% (1992)
<item><hi format=bold>National product per capita:</hi> $800 (1993 est.)
<item>• <hi format=ital>consumption per capita:</hi> 1,400 kWh (1991)
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<item><hi format=bold>Industries:</hi> copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, and fertilizer
<item><hi format=bold>Agriculture:</hi> accounts for 12% of GDP and 85% of labor force; crops—corn (food staple), sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava; cattle, goats, beef, eggs
<item><hi format=bold>Illicit drugs:</hi> role as regional transshipment center for mandrax and heroin
<item><hi format=bold>Economic aid:</hi>
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<item>• <hi format=ital>recipient:</hi> US commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-89), $4.8 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $4.8 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $60 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $533 million